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An external assurer will ask for the boundary note, then for one figure chosen at random and the file it came from. We build that file in advance. Every number in the inventory is traced back to the export, invoice or meter reading it rests on, and anything modelled is labelled as modelled before anyone else has to point it out.
Then we sit in the room. Questions arrive faster than a finance team can answer them while also doing its own job, and an answer improvised under pressure is how a correction gets made the following year.

Assurance has a scope of its own, and it is rarely the whole report. Limited and reasonable assurance ask for different weights of evidence, and a figure inside scope needs a file that a stranger can follow without us in the room. We agree what is in scope before the pack is built, so nothing is assembled twice.
They opened with the three numbers in our last report we could not stand behind. An uncomfortable hour, and it saved us a correction.
Four to eight weeks, depending on how much of the evidence already exists in a form somebody else can read. Where source documents are already filed against the inventory lines they support, it is the short end of that range; where each one has to be found and identified individually, it is the long one.
You keep the evidence pack and the response log. Next year the same questions arrive, and most of the answers are already written down with a date and a name against them.
What you receive
Every figure arrives like this one: the factor it used, where that factor came from, and whether the number was measured or modelled.
Metered
Read off a meter, not estimated.
Factor
The published source, with its date.
Uncertainty
How far the figure could move.
Inventory · line 014
Specimen
Scope 2 · purchased electricity
Period
1 Jan – 31 Dec 2025
12 months, no gaps
Site
Dunmore plant
IE-CRK-02 · meter A, half-hourly
1,284,000
kWh
Metered
×
0.207
kgCO₂e / kWh
DESNZ 2025 · 26.06.2025
=
265.8
tCO₂e
Reported
Method
Location-based
Assumption
None
Uncertainty
±1.2%
Prepared by R. Oakes · checked 14.01.2026
At the end of the engagement these files move to you, in formats you can open without us, with every figure traceable to the line it came from.

Turnaround
4–8 weeks
from the first boundary conversation
Files handed over
4
openable formats, not a portal login
Signed by
1
named analyst, still here next year
Document
What it answers
Share of the file
Pages
Status
Evidence pack
What the total is, line by line
48
Handed over
Assurer liaison
Where every factor came from
26
Handed over
Response log
What was modelled, and why
14
Handed over
The model itself
So you can re-run it next year
—
On request
Page counts are from the last engagement of this size. If a figure in any of them cannot be traced back to the line it came from, it does not leave the building.
